• 文献标题:   A glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide for sensitive determination of bumetanide in urine at levels required for doping analysis
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   HUDARI FF, ZANONI MVB
  • 作者关键词:   voltammetric sensor, stripping voltammetry, bumetanide, doping, urine sample, diuretic
  • 出版物名称:   MICROCHIMICA ACTA
  • ISSN:   0026-3672 EI 1436-5073
  • 通讯作者地址:   Univ Estadual Paulista Unesp
  • 被引频次:   4
  • DOI:   10.1007/s00604-017-2443-5
  • 出版年:   2017

▎ 摘  要

The dopant bumetanide (BMT) was banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The authors describe a voltammetric sensor for the determination of BMT in urine that is based on the use of a glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide (GCE/rGO). The GCE/rGO was prepared by electrodeposition from a solution of GO. The oxidation of BMT occurs best at +0.75 V in the GCE/rGO with an approximately 13-fold gain in the anode current compared to a conventional GCE. The oxidation mechanism was investigated by means of electrolysis, while the analysis of the products was carried out via the LC-MS/MS. Under optimized conditions (scan rate 100mVs(-1); pH4.0; accumulation time 25 s) and by using linear sweep adsorptive stripping voltammetry, the response covers the 0.26 to 50 mu mol L-1 BMT concentration range. The detection limit is 75 nmol L-1. The sensor was successfully applied and validated by LC-MS/MS analysis of spiked urine sample.