▎ 摘　　要

This study presents the synthesis of a novel thin-film nanocomposite forward osmosis (TFN-FO) membrane and its structural properties and performance; heavy metals removal behavior was further assessed in synthetic and industrial wastewater samples. The novel lab-fabricated TFN-FO membranes included a support layer (SL) constructed by the incorporation of different concentrations (0-8 wt%) of polyethylene glycol 400, polysulfone, and 1-methyl, 2-pyrrolidone via the phase inversion process and an active layer (AL) formed through incorporating different weight ratios (0-0.012 wt%) of graphene oxide (GO), 1, 3-Phenylenediamine and 1, 3, 5-benzene trichloride into the polyamide layer via the interfacial polymerization reaction. Compared with traditional TFC membranes, the TFN-FO membranes exhibited higher hydrophilicity, porosity, water permeability, water flux and salt rejection and lower reverse salt flux, specific reverse salt flux and internal concentration polarization (ICP). The water flux in the TFN membrane (34.3 LMH) increased by 174% and 129%, compared to the TFC membrane (12.5 LMH) and commercial FO membrane (15 LMH), respectively. The rejection rates of TFN FO membranes regarding Pb, Cd, and Cr were 99.9, 99.7 and 98.3%, respectively. The breakthrough time of heavy metals exceeded 14.5 h and 96% concerning flux recovery ratio. The modified FO membranes revealed excellent improvement in membrane structure, FO performances and separation properties.