▎ 摘　　要

In past few years, we have witnessed the discovery and synthesis of graphene-a kind of ideal two-dimensional flat carbon nanomaterials Owing to its novel and unique physical and chemical properties, graphene has been attracting more and more attention from scientific community and nowadays has become a sparkling rising star on the horizon of nanomaterials science The graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites, derived from the decoration of graphene sheets with inorganic nanoparticles, are emerging as a new class of materials that hold promise for many applications So far, numerous inorganic nanocomposites based on graphene have been successfully synthesized and show desirable combinations of these properties that are not found in the individual components Herein, we briefly introduce the structure, properties and preparation methods of graphene, and then highlight the advance in the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials/graphene composites, especially focusing on the metal/graphene and semiconductor/graphene nanocomposites The potential applications of these nanocomposites are also discussed These results underscore the exciting opportunities of developing next-generation graphene-based inorganic nanocomposites