▎ 摘　　要

Photoresponsive smart actuators based on carbon materialsare attractingincreasing attention. However, the low content of carbon materialscurrently limits the development of carbon material actuators. Inthis work, we designed and prepared a multifunctional bilayer compositeactuator with controllable structures and high photothermal conversionefficiency. The actuator consists of a graphene/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) composite layer and a PDMS layer. With an ultrahigh graphenemass fraction (30%), the actuator exhibits a good hydrophobicity,unexpectedly high photothermal conversion performance (from room temperatureto 120 & DEG;C within 1 s), and rapid photo-response capability. Bythermal regulation, ultraviolet laser cutting, and assembly, the actuatorcan achieve shape programmable configuration in three-dimensionaldirections. Bionic crawling robots achieve a crawling speed of 0.065mm/s, and liquid tracking robots achieve a rotational motion of 106 & DEG;/s,a linear motion of 8.42 mm/s, and a complex "W"-shapedtrajectory motion. This work provides a simple and effective methodfor the preparation and realization of multifunctional actuators basedon graphene composite materials.