▎ 摘　　要

Graphene is widely applied in many important technologies, with demand projected to grow exponentially. Conventional graphene production approaches that use natural/artificial graphite are expensive and energy and chemical intensive, resulting in a significant environmental footprint. The recent flash Joule heating (FJH) technology that can produce flash graphene (FG) from carbon-rich waste materials has been proposed as a cleaner production process, but the quality of FG made from biomass waste via FJH and the overall sustain -ability of the process remain unclear. Here we conduct lab-scale experiments to fill these knowledge gaps. We show that biomass waste-derived FG shows excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, and the FJH process results in a more than 10-fold decrease in life-cycle environmental impacts including carbon emis-sions and freshwater use relative to the conventional approaches. The FJH process is also cost effective, with the biomass waste-derived FG being much cheaper than graphite-based graphene. Our study identifies cir-cular and sustainable opportunities for future graphene production.