▎ 摘　　要

In this study, a green method of synthesizing graphene-coated sand (GCS) employing low-grade Iraqi dates was elucidated. The GCS was used as a cost-effective and efficient reactive material in a pH-dependent reactive barrier. Besides, this study also endeavored to construct a Freundlich-based adsorption isotherm, to mimic the adsorption effects induced by the pH. It was utilized as a correlation between the Freundlich isotherm constants (K-F & N) and the values of initial pH of the aqueous solution and then combined with the advection-dispersion equation to mimic the influence exerted by the initial pH on the different possibilities of pollutant transport.