▎ 摘　　要

The combination of peptides and graphene-derived materials provides a new way to prepare graphene-based nanocomposites with unique structures, properties, and functions. The modification of graphene with different polypeptides not only improves the biocompatibility and biological recognition ability of graphene-based materials, but also greatly expands their application fields. In this work, we summarize different interactions between graphene and polypeptides, and the synthesis methods of novel functional graphene-polypeptide nanocomposites based on the interactions in recent years (from 2016 to present). In addition, the potential applications of graphene-peptide hybrid nanocomposites in biomedicine, tissue engineering, biosensors, environmental science engineering, optoelectronic materials, and energy storage are introduced. We hope that this review will help readers to understand the methods and mechanisms of the modification of graphene surfaces with biomolecules, and promote readers to understand the synthesis and applications of graphene-based nanocomposites. This work may provide hints and references for the development of peptide sequence design, and biomedical and functional materials, and will help in designing and synthesizing novel graphene-based nanomaterials with unique properties and suitable for various applications in the future.