▎ 摘　　要

A method for modulating microwave directly by visible light based on a graphene microstrip patch antenna is proposed. In the antenna, the microwave radiation is modulated with the variation of visible light intensity when both are interacting with the graphene layer. Simulation results indicate that the S-11 coefficient of the microwave radiation can change by 20 dB if the Fermi level of graphene varies from 0.1 eV to 0.5 eV when it is radiated by the antenna. With normal incidence, the experimentally measured microwave modulation depth of the S-11 coefficient is 1.3 dB when the intensity of the modulation light is 100 mW at the wavelength of 532 nm. The result indicates that the graphene microstrip patch antenna is capable of converting optical intensity signal to microwave intensity signal directly. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.