• 文献标题:   Observation of Electron Coherence and Fabry-Perot Standing Waves at a Graphene Edge
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   ALLEN MT, SHTANKO O, FULGA IC, WANG JIJ, NURGALIEV D, WATANABE K, TANIGUCHI T, AKHMEROV AR, JARILLOHERRERO P, LEYITOV LS, YACOBY A
  • 作者关键词:   ballistic transport, josephson interferometry, graphene edge state, fabryperot interference, electron optic
  • 出版物名称:   NANO LETTERS
  • ISSN:   1530-6984 EI 1530-6992
  • 通讯作者地址:   Harvard Univ
  • 被引频次:   10
  • DOI:   10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03156
  • 出版年:   2017

▎ 摘  要

Electron surface states in solids are typically confined to the outermost atomic layers and, due to surface disorder, have negligible impact on electronic transport. Here, we demonstrate a very different behavior for surface states in graphene. We probe the wavelike character of these states by Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometry and find that, in contrast to theoretical predictions, these states can propagate ballistically over micron-scale distances. This is achieved by embedding a graphene resonator formed by gate-defined p-n junctions within a graphene superconductor normal superconductor structure. By combining superconducting Aharanov-Bohm interferometry with Fourier methods, we visualize spatially resolved current flow and image FP resonances due to p-n-p cavity modes. The coherence of the standing-wave edge states is revealed by observing a new family of FP resonances, which coexist with the bulk resonances. The edge resonances have periodicity distinct from that of the bulk states manifest in a repeated spatial redistribution of current on and off the FP resonances. This behavior is accompanied by a modulation of the multiple Andreev reflection amplitude on and-off resonance, indicating that electrons propagate ballistically in a fully coherent fashion. These results, which were not anticipated by theory, provide a practical route to developing electron analog of optical FP resonators at the graphene edge.