▎ 摘　　要

Using an important feature of the hybrid graphene nanophotonic waveguide that TM and TE modes residing in two separated areas, we design a TE mode modulator and optimize its performance by tuning the ridge width and the low index layer height. Furthermore, the essential parameters including the insertion loss, the modulation depth, the bandwidth and figure of merit have been investigated. Our designed modulator demonstrates a 3-dB modulation depth with extra-small dimension (2 mu m x 1.1 mu m x 12.17 mu m) and then a small footprint (0.5 mu m x 12.17 mu m) can be achieved. In addition, the modulator offers a broad working wavelength range and 80 GHz high modulation bandwidth upon the energy 108.8 fJ/bit.