• 文献标题:   Fabrication, characterization and applications of graphene electronic tattoos
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   KIREEV D, AMERI SK, NEDERVELD A, KAMPFE J, JANG H, LU NS, AKINWANDE D
  • 作者关键词:  
  • 出版物名称:   NATURE PROTOCOLS
  • ISSN:   1754-2189 EI 1750-2799
  • 通讯作者地址:  
  • 被引频次:   35
  • DOI:   10.1038/s41596-020-00489-8 EA APR 2021
  • 出版年:   2021

▎ 摘  要

Numerous fields of science and technology, including healthcare, robotics and bioelectronics, have begun to switch their research direction from developing 'high-end, high-cost' tools towards 'high-end, low-cost' solutions. Graphene electronic tattoos (GETs), whose fabrication protocol is discussed in this work, are ideal building blocks of future wearable technology due to their outstanding electromechanical properties. The GETs are composed of high-quality, large-scale graphene that is transferred onto tattoo paper, resulting in an electronic device that is applied onto skin like a temporary tattoo. Here, we provide a comprehensive GET fabrication protocol, starting from graphene growth and ending with integration onto human skin. The methodology presented is unique since it utilizes high-quality electronic-grade graphene, while the processing is done by using low-cost and off-the-shelf methods, such as a mechanical cutter plotter. The GETs can be either used in combination with advanced scientific equipment to perform precision experiments, or with low-cost electrophysiology boards, to conduct similar operations from home. In this protocol, we showcase how GETs can be applied onto the human body and how they can be used to obtain a variety of biopotentials, including electroencephalogram (brain waves), electrocardiogram (heart activity), electromyogram (muscle activity), as well as monitoring of body temperature and hydration. With graphene available from commercial sources, the whole protocol consumes similar to 3 h of labor and does not require highly trained personnel. The protocol described in this work can be readily replicated in simple laboratories, including high school facilities.