▎ 摘　　要

Luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) display excellent physicochemical properties, which have ignited tremendous and increasing research interest of researchers from different fields. However, there are still some limitations including low quantum yield, less active sites and unsatisfactory selectivity, which impede their wide applications. As research continues, doping GQDs with heteroatoms has been considered as an effective strategy to address the above problems. In this review, we summarize the preparation methods, physicochemical properties and applications of heteroatom-doped GQDs. There are two kinds of heteroatom-doped GQDs including single-doped GQDs (B, N, S, F, Cl, et al.) and co-doped GQDs (B,N or N, P or N, S co-doping). The introduced heteroatoms changed the charge density and charge distribution of the GQDs, resulting in the enhancement of fluorescence quantum dots, more active sites and the appearances of new physicochemical properties including electrocatalytic activity and intrinsic peroxidase-like catalytic activity. We also give a perspective on the subsequent development and promising applications of heteroatom-doped GQDs.