▎ 摘　　要

A low-cost, environment friendly and scalable strategy was proposed to prepare ZnO@graphene (ZnO@G) composites, in which ZnO nanoparticles can be evenly modified by graphene without obvious agglomeration and the tap density can reach to 1.68 g cm(-3). When employed as an anode for Li-ion battery, the as-prepared ZnO@G (15 wt% graphene) exhibited an excellent reversible capacity of 720 mAh g(-1) at 200 mA g(-1) and 480 mAh g(-1) even at 1600 mA g(-1). Furthermore, a concept of high energy Li-ion full battery configurated the pre-lithiation ZnO@G (10 wt% graphene) anode and commercial LiCoO2 and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode was successfully assembled. Under the varying of prelithiation time to tune the appropriate compensating amount of initial irreversible capacity, one full battery of ZnO@G parallel to LiCoO2 delivered a reversible capacity around 400 mAh g(-1) (vs. anode) at 100 mA with working potential around 3.8 V and a high energy density of 1478 Wh kg(-1) (vs. anode; 206.9 Wh kg(-1) vs. cathode); meanwhile, other full battery of ZnO@G parallel to LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibited a reversible capacity around 280 mAh g(-1) (vs. anode) at 400 mA g(-1), and it possessed a high energy density of 1787.2 Wh kg(-1) (vs. anode; 446.8 Wh kg(-1) vs. cathode) at 400 mA g(-1) and behaved superior rate capability. Furthermore, a proposition of surface multiple effect on the ZnO-based anode induced by graphene is demonstrated and it could be extended to designing some other advanced electrodes, benefiting from pre-lithiation process, the metal oxides electrode is identified to be a promising commercialized anode in high energy batteries. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.