▎ 摘　　要

Graphene is an sp(2) carbon material having a hexagonal honeycomb lattice in a single-layer two-dimensional (2D) plane due to its excellent properties such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, good thermal stability and excellent mechanical properties. It has already aroused great research interest. Porous graphene refers to a carbon material possessing nano-scale pores in a two-dimensional plane. Due to the introduction of pores, not only the accumulation caused by z-z electron interaction is effectively avoided, but also some properties of the original graphene can be retained for porous graphene with higher specific surface area and pore volume. And also, the band gap of graphene was effectively opened. Therefore, it has great application prospects in the fields of optoelectronic devices, energy storage, gas separation/storage, wastewater separation and photocatalysis. At present, various porous graphene materials (for example, all-carbon porous graphene, doped porous graphene, and porous graphene composite materials, etc.) prepared by chemical synthesis, hydrothermal method, electrochemical reduction method, and template-oriented chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, have been well applied in various fields. This paper aims to summarize the design and synthesis of various porous graphene materials, and also discusses the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of porous graphene and various potential applications as well as the comparison of various porous graphene structures and properties. And looking forward to future research, it may focus on developing simpler, more convenient synthesis methods and how to accurately control the size, structure, and distribution density of pores in porous graphene, how to precisely control the type and distribution of doping elements, and how to better couple with other materials to obtain better composite materials, making porous graphene more excellent in various applications.