▎ 摘　　要

We report herein the first development of graphene-polyaniline modified carbon paste electrode (G-PANI/CPE) coupled with droplet-based microfluidic sensor for high-throughput detection of 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in pharmaceutical paracetamol (PA) formulations. A simple T-junction microfluidic platform using an oil flow rate of 1.8 mu L/min and an aqueous flow rate of 0.8 mu L/min was used to produce aqueous testing microdroplets continuously. The microchannel was designed to extend the aqueous droplet to cover all 3 electrodes, allowing for electrochemical measurements in a single droplet. Parameters including flow rate, water fraction, and applied detection potential (E-det) were investigated to obtain optimal conditions. Using G-PANI/CPE significantly increased the current response for both cyclic voltammetric detections of ferri/ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) (10 times) and 4-AP (2 times), compared to an unmodified electrode. Using the optimized conditions in the droplet system, 4-AP in the presence of PA was selectively determined. The linear range of 4-AP was 50-500 mu M (R-2 = 0.99), limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 15.68 mu M, and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) was 52.28 mu M. Finally, the system was used to determine 4-AP spiked in commercial PA liquid samples and the amounts of 4-AP were found in good agreement with those obtained from the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis/UV-Visible spectrophotometry (CZE/UV-Vis). The proposed microfluidic device could be employed for a high-throughput screening (at least 60 samples h(-1)) of pharmaceutical purity requiring low sample and reagent consumption. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.