▎ 摘　　要

Graphene is intensively investigated in various energy storage and conversion systems such as fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Despite the exponential increase of the number of publications related with graphene, the practical application of graphene in energy storage and conversion still has many uncertainties, but the reason is rarely mentioned in the literature. Here, the scientific gap between graphene research and the key parameters in Li-ion batteries and beyond is discussed, such as the electrochemical window, the electrode surface area, and the parasitic weight. Different insights are provided for graphene study in batteries that may inspire new ideas to address the practical challenges for large-scale adoption of graphene in energy storage.