▎ 摘　　要

The paper overviews a historical evolution of the technology, knowledge, and application of various forms and allotropic modifications of carbon as a component and base for graphitized-carbon, vapor-phase, nanostructured, and composite materials and describes the development and implementation of the synthesis of high-pressure phases and diamond-based superhard materials. The chronology of the most important developments, discoveries, and applications of carbon and associated materials is presented.