• 文献标题:   Modifications of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC for the Electrochemical Detection and Identification of Heavy Metal Salts in Seawater
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   HAJZUS JR, SHRIVERLAKE LC, DEAN SN, ERICKSON JS, ZABETAKIS D, GOLDEN J, PENNACHIO DJ, MYERSWARD RL, TRAMMELL SA
  • 作者关键词:   cyclic square wave voltammetry, heavy metal ion, identification algorithm, machine learning, modified epitaxial graphene, seawater
  • 出版物名称:   SENSORS
  • ISSN:  
  • 通讯作者地址:  
  • 被引频次:   1
  • DOI:   10.3390/s22145367
  • 出版年:   2022

▎ 摘  要

The electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions is reported using an inexpensive portable in-house built potentiostat and epitaxial graphene. Monolayer, hydrogen-intercalated quasi-freestanding bilayer, and multilayer epitaxial graphene were each tested as working electrodes before and after modification with an oxygen plasma etch to introduce oxygen chemical groups to the surface. The graphene samples were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and van der Pauw Hall measurements. Dose-response curves in seawater were evaluated with added trace levels of four heavy metal salts (CdCl2, CuSO4, HgCl2, and PbCl2), along with detection algorithms based on machine learning and library development for each form of graphene and its oxygen plasma modification. Oxygen plasma-modified, hydrogen-intercalated quasi-freestanding bilayer epitaxial graphene was found to perform best for correctly identifying heavy metals in seawater.