▎ 摘　　要

Understanding graphene surface structure in aqueous media is essential for its biotechnological applications. Here, using synchrotron X-ray reflectivity (energy 14 keV), AFM imaging, and contact angle measurements, we have investigated the surface structure of CVD graphene on SiO2/Si in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 25-60 degrees C. We found a diffuse layer immediately adjacent to graphene with a scattering length density (SLD) of 6.72 x 10(-6) angstrom(-2), attributed to the presence of air bubbles on graphene under water. AFM imaging was indicative of interfacial inhomogeneity, but did not provide conclusive topography information on the bubble-covered graphene-water interface. The diffuse layer diminished after the graphene was submerged in water for 24 h at 25 degrees C. This is also evident from its enhanced wettability, with the water contact angle on graphene decreasing from 84.9 +/- 0.4 degrees to 55.6 +/- 0.4 degrees after submergence. An additional layer atop graphene appeared after soaking, with a thickness 10.1 angstrom, and a higher SLD of 19.5 x 10(-6) angstrom(-2) at 25 degrees C, which increased to 11.8 A and 21.8 x 10(-6) angstrom(-2) at 60 degrees C in PBS, respectively. We discuss this observation in terms of ion mobility, possible formation of a silanol layer on the SiO2 substrate, and water structure disruption at higher temperatures. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.