▎ 摘　　要

Chemical reagents are widely used to block disease development, including tumor progression and increase in abnormal cell populations; however, their consistent usage is limited owing to drug-related side effects and resistance. Although strategies to enhance the intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs, even at low concen-trations, and decrease their undesired side effects have been developed, practical approaches for liver cancer are still limited. Combination therapy has become a solution for improving chemotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we designed a dual-therapeutic platform by engineering graphene oxide (GO) as a multi-functional co-delivery carrier that targets multiple organelles in cells. It delivers two therapeutic reagents as a single vehicle while simultaneously blocking genes in the nucleus and cytoplasm. We adopted a xenograft mouse model of hepatitis C virus infection to verify the therapeutic efficacy of this combinatorial approach. Our strategy successfully sup-pressed tumor growth by enhancing the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs even at one-tenth of the conventional dosage of drugs. Simultaneously, the dual-treat method showed a twofold therapeutic efficiency compared with single-drug treatment. By facilitating a combination of individual pharmacological effects, the present functional GO-based delivery system could be a promising multimodal therapeutic platform owing to its high stability, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality.