▎ 摘　　要

The synthesis of 1,2-butylene carbonate (BC) from cycloaddition reaction of 1,2-butylene oxide (BO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was investigated using several heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of organic solvent. Continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) has been employed as a rapid and cleaner route for the synthesis of a highly efficient graphene-inorganic heterogeneous catalyst, ceria-lanthanazirconia/graphene nanocomposite, represented as Ce-La-Zr/GO. The heterogeneous catalysts have been characterised using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption (BET for measuring the surface area pore size distribution). Ceria-lanthana-zirconia/graphene nanocomposite catalyst (Ce-La-Zr/GO) exhibited high catalytic activity as compared to other reported heterogeneous catalysts in the absence of any organic solvent with a selectivity of 76% and 64% yield of 1,2-butylene carbonate at the reaction conditions of 408 K, 75 bar in 20 h. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.