▎ 摘　　要

Early detection of cancer and the design of appropriate treatment methods using nanotheranostics can reduce cancer mortality. Nanotheranostics are diagnostic nanomaterials that can be used in imaging and in therapeutic treatments, and so contribute to improving cancer diagnosis, provide real-time monitoring of the tumor response to treatment, and increasing therapeutic efficacy. Among different imaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FI) have attracted significant attention in nanotheranostics design. Bimodal MRI/FI can provide complementary and comprehensive information by using the advantages individual imaging methods, and overcome the limitations of each one. The incorporation of the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 with graphene derivatives as bimodal imaging nanomaterials in the nanotheranostics provides outstanding physicochemical and biological properties for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. This review focuses on the studies related to the Fe3O4/graphene-based nanotheranostics (FGBNs) for bimodal MRI/FI and cancer therapy with emphasis on chemotherapy by anticancer drugs and photothermal therapy (PTT). The FGBNs structural features, imaging performance, toxicity, efficacy, and ability in ablation of cancer cells by therapeutic strategies are reviewed. Graphic Abstract