▎ 摘　　要

The thermal behavior of various amounts of palladium deposited onto graphene/Ru(0001) at room temperature was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) of adsorbed CO. IRAS spectra of adsorbed CO on palladium deposited onto the graphene layer reveal the formation of defect-rich, highly-stepped and/or nanoparticle-typed palladium clusters. Annealing to temperatures below similar to 900 K, palladium clusters mainly experience agglomeration on the graphene layer, but at higher temperatures intercalation of palladium between the graphene layer and Ru substrate takes place. Eventually, palladium completely desorbs and the graphene layer dissolves into the ruthenium substrate at 1400 K. Even though the annealing induces the intercalation and desorption of palladium, the topmost graphene layer stays intact without any physical damage at and below 1300 K. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.