▎ 摘　　要

Designing organic-inorganic nanohybrid systems have exhibited considerable potential in fabricating high-performance protein-based adhesives. However, the simplicity of the strategy, renewability, cost and effective dispersion of inorganic nanofillers in a hybrid framework remains challenging. This study proposed a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable design strategy to fabricate soybean meal (SM)-based hybrid adhesives using sodium lignosulfonate-functionalized graphene (SLS@G). SLS@G was simultaneously produced and function-alized via a dry ball milling method from graphite without using toxic reagents and tedious fabrication pro-cedures. SLS@G had stable water dispersion and good compatibility with the SM adhesive matrix. The synergistic hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction between SLS@G and the protein chains remarkedly improved the strength and water resistance of the SM-based adhesive. With minimal addition of the SLS@G (0.10 wt% of SM), the modified adhesive dry and wet shear strengths increased to 2.19 MPa and 1.15 MPa, which were 32.7% and 248.5% higher than the pristine adhesive, respectively. Moreover, the construction of the organic-inorganic nanohybrid structure also contributed to the thermal stability of the SM-based adhesives, leading to the in-crease in carbon residue rate from 26.6% to 28%. Overall, this facile and green strategy offers a new design pathway for developing advanced and multifunctional bio-adhesives for engineered wood-based composites.