• 文献标题:   Stacking Structures of Few-Layer Graphene Revealed by Phase-Sensitive Infrared Nanoscopy
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   KIM DS, KWON H, NIKITIN AY, AHN S, MARTINMORENO L, GARCIAVIDAL FJ, RYU S, MIN H, KIM ZH
  • 作者关键词:   nanoplasmonic, nearfield optic, nanoscopy, multilayer graphene, stacking order
  • 出版物名称:   ACS NANO
  • ISSN:   1936-0851 EI 1936-086X
  • 通讯作者地址:   Seoul Natl Univ
  • 被引频次:   9
  • DOI:   10.1021/acsnano.5b02813
  • 出版年:   2015

▎ 摘  要

The stacking orders in few-layer graphene (FLG) strongly influences the electronic properties of the material. To explore the stacking-specific properties of FLG in detail, one needs powerful microscopy techniques that visualize stacking domains with sufficient spatial resolution. We demonstrate that infrared (IR) scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (sSNOM) directly maps out the stacking domains of FLG with a nanometric resolution, based on the stacking-specific IR conductivities of FLG. The intensity and phase contrasts of sSNOM are compared with the sSNOM contrast model, which is based on the dipolar tip sample coupling and the theoretical conductivity spectra of FLG, allowing a clear assignment of each FLG domain as Bernal, rhombohedral, or intermediate stacks for tri-, tetra-, and pentalayer graphene. The method offers 10-100 times better spatial resolution than the far-field Raman and infrared spectroscopic methods, yet it allows far more experimental flexibility than the scanning tunneling microscopy and electron microscopy.