▎ 摘　　要

The presence of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the wastewater industry causes toxicity and inhibition of the anaerobic degrading bacteria. The anaerobes in the multistage anaerobic reactor were loaded by 30.0 mg/gVS Graphene nanoparticles (MAR-G(n)) as an electron acceptor to detoxify wastewater industry. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was reduced from 455 +/- 22.5 to 135 +/- 12.7 mu g Gallic acid equivalent/mL at 4-NP loading rate of 47.9 g/m(3) d. Furthermore, 4-NP was decreased by a value of 83.7 +/- 4.9% in MAR-Gn compared to 65.6 +/- 4.8% in control MAR. The 4-aminophenol (4-AP) recovery was accounted for 44.8% in the MAR-G(n) at an average oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of -167.3 +/- 21.2 mV. The remaining portions of 4-NP and 4-AP in the MAR-G(n) effluent were efficiently removed by baffled high rate algal pond (BHRAP), resulting in overall removal efficiency of 91.6 +/- 6.3 and 92.3 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The Methanosaeta (52.9%) and Methanosphaerula (10.9%) were dominant species in MAR-G(n) for reduction of 4-NP into 4-AP. Moreover, Chlorophyta cells (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Ulothrix subtilissima were abundant in the BHRAP for complete degradation of 4-NP and 4-AP.