• 文献标题:   Sensing and sensitivity: Computational chemistry of graphene-based sensors
  • 文献类型:   Review
  • 作  者:   PIRAS A, EHLERT C, GRYN OVA G
  • 作者关键词:   adsorption energy, computational chemistry, electrochemical sensor, graphene, interaction, noncovalent
  • 出版物名称:   WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWSCOMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE
  • ISSN:   1759-0876 EI 1759-0884
  • 通讯作者地址:  
  • 被引频次:   8
  • DOI:   10.1002/wcms.1526 EA MAR 2021
  • 出版年:   2021

▎ 摘  要

Highly efficient, tunable, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly electrochemical sensors featuring graphene-based materials pose a formidable challenge for computational chemistry. In silico rationalization, optimization and, ultimately, prediction of their performance requires exploring a vast structural space of potential surface-analyte complexes, further complicated by the presence of various defects and functionalities within the infinite graphene lattice. This immense number of systems and their periodic nature greatly limit the choice of computational tools applicable at a reasonable cost. An alternative approach using finite nanoflake models opens the doors to many more advanced and accurate electronic structure methods, while sacrificing the realism of representation. Locating the surface-analyte complex is followed by an in-depth in silico analysis of its energetic and electronic properties using, for example, energy decomposition schemes, as well as simulation of the signal, for example, a zero-bias transmission spectra or a current-voltage curve, by means of the nonequilibrium Green's function method. These and other properties are examined in the context of a sensor's selectivity, sensitivity, and limit of detection with an aim to establish design principles for future devices. Herein, we analyze the advantages and limitations of diverse computational chemistry methods used at each of these steps in simulating graphene-based electrochemical sensors. We present outstanding challenges toward predictive models and sketch possible solutions involving such contemporary techniques as multiscale simulations and high-throughput screening. This article is categorized under: Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods