▎ 摘　　要

The synergy of single Co atoms/Co clusters and CoOx nanoparticles, as well as reduced graphene oxide, enabled a Co-graphene nanomaterial to exhibit superior catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of HMF into DMF, including the omission of pre-reduction treatment, high specificity for cleavage of C?O/C-O bonds, excellent catalytic activity and enhanced stability.