▎ 摘　　要

Development of self-powered monoelectrodes for clean energy harvest is a promising solution to meet the growing energy demands for modern electronic device applications. To address this issue, a category of self-powered monoelectrodes are made from cost-effective graphene composite films to harvest rain energy. Periodic current and voltage signals are recorded under rain stimulation to evaluate their rain-to-electricity efficiency. The mechanism behind rain energy harvest arises from charging/discharging cycles of electric pi-electron (graphene)Ication (rain) double-layer pseudocapacitances at graphene film/rain-drop interface. The maximized current of 2.15 mu A/raindrop, voltage of 129.83 mu V/raindrop and power of 295.48 pW/raindrop are yielded in the optimized conversion devices. The present work may provide new insights on harvesting waste energies in rain-enriched regions by designing electron-enriched monoelectrodes. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.