▎ 摘　　要

The development of reliable, cost-effective, and sensitive detection and monitoring assays is particularly important for the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Here, we report an array-based system for cell sensing using a 'chemical nose/ tongue' approach that exploits subtle changes in the physicochemical nature of different cell surfaces. A family of synthetic and biomolecular functionalized graphene elements was used to develop the sensing array. Their different interactions with dissimilar cell surfaces were transduced to an ultrasensitive electrochemical impedance signal, providing a fingerprint for the classification and identification of different cells. This electrochemical array sensing platform has ultrahigh sensitivity that can detect a singlecell type from one cell. Furthermore, it can discern different cell types at levels as low as 100 cells with high accuracy for (i) different cell types; (ii) cancerous, multidrug- resistant cancerous and metastatic human breast cells; and (iii) artificial circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The graphene- based electrochemical sensing platform presented here can more generally be applied to array sensor fabrication and can provide highly efficient signal transduction pathways to improve the detection response of each recognition element.