▎ 摘　　要

To address the demand for vehicles using fuel cell energy with high-performance electrodes, this paper discusses the energy storage model, nano-scale characterization technology, nanoenergy system and the structural design for fuel cell graphene electrodes while giving special attention to three characteristics: electrode conversion efficiency, specific power and cost. The structural stability model, evolutionary mechanism and the construction process of graphene electrodes of fuel cell technology are introduced. By analyzing electron and ion transmission and characterizing the electrode structure, energy system, surface and interface property at the nano-scale level, this paper reveals the intrinsic link between how an energy system is structured and performs. It combines the system model with the application of high-performance electrodes to highlight the compatibility between graphene and the electrode. By addressing progress in the applicability of renewable energy and the sustainability of energy technology during recent years, this paper provides scientific and experimental support for the practicality of fuel cell energy while also addressing bottleneck issues such as conversion efficiency, specific power and the cost of electrodes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.