▎ 摘　　要

The individual components and circuitry of single-use flexible electronic sensors must be designed and fabricated to maintain stable functionality during normal operation, but once the usefulness of the device has concluded it is often incinerated or disposed of in a landfill. It is critical, therefore, that environmentally benign materials and fabrication processes be used to create these sensors such that manufacturing and disposal processes do not result in toxic or hazardous by-products. This paper introduces a novel flexible piezoelectric vibration sensor based on interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) printed on polymer-coated paper substrates using nontoxic graphene nanoparticle (G) and carboxymethyl cellulose (G-CMC) aqueous suspensions as the electrically conductive ink. The piezoelectric transducer consists of environmentally benign zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles dispersed in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. During fabrication, the PDMS/ZnO composite is spin coated on the inkjet printed G-CMC interdigitated electrodes forming a thin piezoelectric layer. The fabricated sensors are tested, without additional signal amplification, for direct force response and low amplitude vibrations. A repetitive 6.3 N impact force, at very low frequencies (1-2.37 Hz), generated up 541 mV(p-p). A further study of low-amplitude vibrations, over the frequency range of 50 Hz to 2.5 kHz, produced voltage outputs from 25 mV(p-p) to 452 mV(p-p). Single-use force and vibration sensors over these low frequency ranges can be used for intelligent packaging, temporary monitoring of the environment and disposable wearable technologies. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.