▎ 摘　　要

A superior cost-effective cation exchange membrane based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), cellulose acetate (CA), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) work as a superior cost-effective cation exchange membrane for the energy extraction application employing microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this work, waste sugarcane bagasse was used to make CA, and the Tour technique was employed to make GO, which was then transformed to rGO using multiple modifications. To prepare cation exchange membranes, the CA and rGO were doped. The obtained proton conductivity values increased from 0.01 Scm(-1) for rGO to similar to 0.4 Scm(-1) for rG1 when the manufactured membranes were sulfonated. The combination of CA derived from sugarcane bagasse and rGO in the produced membranes may be attributed to this enhancement in proton conductivity. The power density performance of rG1 was compared to that of commercially available high-performance proton exchange membranes. R was revealed that MFC employing the rG1 membrane outperformed several more expensive membranes when it came to energy extraction using MFC. Without any electrode alteration, a columbic efficiency (CE) of 6.17 %, a COD removal efficiency of 92.0 +/- 0.8% %, and a power density of more than 118 mW m(-2) were reached. As a result, the constructed low-cost new PVDF-based, rGO, and CA membrane (rG1) shown its suitability for increasing MFC efficacy and is recommended for MFC scaling up.