▎ 摘　　要

Highly-dispersed graphene nanodots (GNDs) up to 10 nm are synthesized using D-galactose as a carbon precursor. The GNDs are self-passivized, emit dual-color excitation-dependent emission and highly biocompatible in cell lines. Their applicability is demonstarted for cellular bioimaging and Raman mapping of cells. Furthermore, their implications on mammalian cell growth and plant seed germination are expounded.