▎ 摘　　要

With the discovery of novel nanomaterials, electrochemistry is living a true Renaissance and graphene is its novel and central promise. This conceptual review includes a clear and straightforward scheme for terminology and properties, synthesis and characterization processes to obtain not only "true" graphene but also some chemical variants, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene nanoribbons (GNR). Reviewing all these concepts, we explore the electrochemical applications of these graphenes, considering the chemical interaction between graphene and the target molecules explored. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.