▎ 摘　　要

In recent years, there has been significant progress in the synthesis of one-dimensional and two-dimensional materials. Thus, a new challenge has arisen in efficiently characterizing the homogeneity of the as-grown samples. To meet such a demand, several methods have been developed to evaluate the homogeneity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, including direct optical visualization of ultralong CNTs via vapor-condensation-assisted optical microscopy; true-color real-time Rayleigh imaging of CNTs that helps to assign chiral indices; scanning electron microscopy imaging of CNTs via the contrast provided by their conductivity and bandgap; and low-energy transmission electron diffraction and imaging of large-area graphene to identify the crystal orientations. These methods all show the advantages of high-throughput and high-efficiency. This review briefly summarizes the recent works and discussed their characteristics. It is believed that these methods are not limited to CNTs and graphene; they can also be applicable to an extensive range of nanomaterials.