▎ 摘 要
A mixture of eight contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), most of them of pharmaceutical origin: acetaminophen, antipyrine, caffeine, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole, ketorolac, metoprolol and diclofenac, has been treated with some advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) involving ozone, visible LED radiation and a graphene oxide/titania catalyst (GO/TiO2). Variables that affect the process rate: visible LED radiation fluence, catalyst concentration and percentage of graphene oxide on the catalyst, were optimized through a factorial design taking TOC as an objective function. These variables were found to be: 303 W m(-2), 0.4 g L-1, 1.5% GO loading, respectively, and tested in CEC doped wastewater. Application of gas-liquid absorption kinetics allows the kinetic regime of ozone reactions and the relative importance of mass transfer and chemical reactions to be determined. Two reaction periods were observed: an initial one of less than 20 minutes, where contaminants are removed mainly through direct reactions with ozone, and a second one, where free radical oxidation predominates. In this second period, hydroxyl radical concentrations for ozonation and photocatalytic ozonation were found to be 1.1 and 3.2 x 10(-13)M, respectively.