▎ 摘　　要

Graphene and graphene oxide have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Pristine graphene is desirable for applications that require a high electrical conductivity, while many other applications require modified or functionalized forms such as graphene oxide due to its good dispersibility in various solvents. Surface functional modification of graphene and graphene oxide is of crucial importance for their broad applications. Functionalization of graphene enables this material to be processed by solvent assisted techniques, such as layer-by-layer assembly, filtration. It also prevents the agglomeration of single layer graphene and maintains the inherent properties. Structurally modifying graphene and graphene oxide through chemical functionalization reveals the numerous possibilities for tuning its structure. Several chemical and physical functionalization methods have been explored to improve the stabilization and modification of graphene. This review focuses on the surface functional modification of graphene and graphene oxide. The preparation method, basic structure and properties of graphene and graphene oxide were briefly described firstly. On the one hand, in the light of bonding characteristic, the surface functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide is divided into non-covalent binding modification, covalent binding modification and elemental doping. On the other hand, non-covalent functionalization contains four categories: pi-pi stacking, hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding effect and electrostatic interaction. Meanwhile, covalently functionalization includes four categories: carbon skeleton modification, hydroxy modification, carboxy modification and epoxy group modification due to the reactive functional groups. Doping functionalization consists of N, B, P and other different elements. According to the classification of surface structure characteristics, selected typical case has described the functional modification process in detail. The properties and application prospects of the modified products are also summarized. Finally, current challenges and future research directions are also presented in terms of surface functional modification for graphene and graphene oxide.