• 文献标题:   Electrostatically Confined Monolayer Graphene Quantum Dots with Orbital and Valley Splittings
  • 文献类型:   Article
  • 作  者:   FREITAG NM, CHIZHOVA LA, NEMESINCZE P, WOODS CR, GORBACHEV RV, CAO Y, GEIM AK, NOVOSELOV KS, BURGDORFER J, LIBISCH F, MORGENSTERN M
  • 作者关键词:   graphene, quantum dot, valley splitting, orbital splitting, stm, landau quantization
  • 出版物名称:   NANO LETTERS
  • ISSN:   1530-6984 EI 1530-6992
  • 通讯作者地址:   Rhein Westfal TH Aachen
  • 被引频次:   40
  • DOI:   10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02548
  • 出版年:   2016

▎ 摘  要

The electrostatic confinement of massless charge carriers is hampered by Klein tunneling. Circumventing this problem in graphene mainly relies on carving out nanostructures or applying electric displacement fields to open a band gap in bilayer graphene. So far, these approaches suffer from edge disorder or insufficiently controlled localization of electrons. Here we realize an alternative strategy in monolayer graphene, by combining a homogeneous magnetic field and electrostatic confinement. Using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, we induce a confining potential in the Landau gaps of bulk graphene without the need for physical edges. Gating the localized states toward the Fermi energy leads to regular charging sequences with more than 40 Coulomb peaks exhibiting typical addition energies of 7-20 meV. Orbital splittings of 4-10 meV and a valley splitting of about 3 meV for the first orbital state can be deduced. These experimental observations are quantitatively reproduced by tight binding calculations, which include the interactions of the graphene with the aligned hexagonal boron nitride substrate. The demonstrated confinement approach appears suitable to create quantum dots with well-defined wave function properties beyond the reach of traditional techniques.