▎ 摘　　要

As a material possessing extremely high thermal conductivity, graphene has been considered as the ultimate filler for fabrication of highly thermally conductive polymer composites. In the past decade, graphene and its derivatives were demonstrated in many studies to be very effective in enhancing the thermal conductivity of various polymers. This paper reviews current progress in the development of graphene/polymer composites with high thermal conductivity. We began with the effects of isotopes, defects/doping, edges and substrate, poly-crystallinity, functionalization, size and layer number, and folding/twisting on the thermal conductivity of graphene. We then modelled the thermal conductivity of graphene/polymer composites and, through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, demonstrated its dependence on interfacial thermal conductance as well as size, dispersion and volume fraction of graphene. After a critique of recent studies on thermally conductive graphene/polymer composites and their potential applications, we identified several outstanding issues, new challenges and opportunities for future endeavours.