▎ 摘　　要

The potential adverse effects of graphene oxide (GO) on organisms have received great attention. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for response to GO exposure are still largely unclear. Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling, and plays a key role in the development. Using assay system of Caenorhabditis elegans, we investigated the potential involvement of canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of response to GO. GO exposure caused the damage on the functions of both primary and secondary targeted organs by dysregulating the expression of B-catenin BAR-1, APR-1 and GSK-3 in APC complex, Dishevelled proteins of DSH-1, and DSH-2, and Frizzled receptors of MOM-5 and CFZ-2 in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Based on genetic evidence, we further raised a signaling cascade of MOM-5/CFZ-2-DSH-1/DSH-2-APR-1/GSK-3-BAR-1 in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of GO toxicity. The homeobox protein EGL-5, an important downstream target of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, regulated GO toxicity by modulating expression of the genes required for the control of oxidative stress. Moreover, B-catenin BAR-1 acted in parallel with insulin or p38 MAPK signaling to regulate the GO toxicity. Therefore, our results suggest the crucial function of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in the regulation of GO toxicity in organisms. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.