▎ 摘　　要

The optical performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells incorporating graphene as a transparent anode is investigated using the transfer matrix method coupled with the exciton diffusion equation, and is also compared with ITO based devices. It turns out that graphene based OPVs can realize 7-10% higher J(sc) values in planar heterojunction OPVs and similar to 5% higher total number of absorbed photons in bulk heterojunction OPVs than the ITO based OPVs, depending on the absorption wavelength of the OPVs. The improvement originates from the low reflective loss of the graphene electrode compensating for the high absorption by the electrode to increase the absorption by the active layers. Since the graphene electrode is flexible and can achieve low sheet resistance with a very thin layer, the graphene has a large potential to fully replace the ITO anode in OPVs, especially for flexible devices. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.