▎ 摘　　要

With discovering two-dimensional 2D materials, extensive research has been conducted based on these materials. Different 2D materials like graphene and its derivations, transition metal chalcogenides TMD, boron nitride, phosphorene, nanosheets, MXene, and iii-vi layered have attracted great attention for development of state-of-the-art devices and applications. On the one hand by changing the 2D layers number, different optical absorption can be obtained. Moreover 2D materials exhibit remarkable potential in optical sensing, biomedical detection, and energy efficiency due to their outstanding physical, chemical, optical, and electronic properties. Extensive novel properties of 2D materials such as, specificity, high surface to area ratio, environmental stability, and rapid and time-consuming performance pave the fabrication and design of devices based on 2D material.