▎ 摘　　要

Cu/graphene hybrid films which function as both p-type and n-type transparent conducting electrodes were utilized in conventional and inverted organic solar cells. The value of sheet resistance decreased to similar to 75 Omega/sq for Cu/graphene hybrid films with an optimum thickness of 7 nm of Cu, which constitutes a dramatic improvement compared to graphene alone (similar to 180 Omega/sq). Meanwhile, the work functions of the Cu/graphene hybrid electrodes can also be controlled through the range of 4.84-4.95 eV by changing the amount of Cu which was thermally deposited on top of the graphene layer. In addition, the Cu/graphene films showed wrinkle features with the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness ranging from 1.9-5.8 nm and RMS currents are nearly doubled as a function of the thickness of Cu deposition (similar to 30 nA) by using atomic force microscope (AFM) and conductive-AFM (C-AFM) measurements. Conventional and inverted organic solar cells with 3 nm Cu/graphene hybrid electrodes showed 1.4 and 4.5 times larger power conversion efficiencies (PCE), respectively, than those of the devices with pristine graphene electrodes. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.