▎ 摘　　要

Removal of nano-particulates, viruses and other nano-scale contaminations from water is challenging for modern water treatments where most industrial water filtrations are for contaminants above 1 ?m. Existing ultrafiltration membranes have been demonstrated to show sub-micron to nano-scale filtration capabilities. However, they have low water permeability, particularly at low temperatures, and need glycerin post-treatment to avoid the shrinkage of pores in industrial drying processes. Here we show a novel N-doped graphene enhanced hollow fibre polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane that demonstrates up to 100% increase in water flux compared with that of pure PVDF ultrafiltration membrane and it shows high stability and can filter water at close to 0 ?C with up to 5 times increase in water flux, without the need for glycerin post-treatment. The addition of the N-doped graphene reduces the membrane average pore size from approximately 150 nm to about 100 nm and increases total volume of pores from 10% to 40%. The process mechanisms and characteristics of the membrane are described. Practical industrial application case studies are also presented. The main novelty of the research is the incorporation of a special N-doped graphene into PVDF ultrafiltration tubular nano-porous membranes for enhanced water treatment and the understanding of associated scientific mechanisms.