▎ 摘　　要

In this 21th century, the demand for glucose sensors in monitoring diabetes reaches a year-on-year peak due to the unhealthy lifestyle of society. Therefore, it is the utmost important task for scientists and researchers to develop a highly efficient and effective glucose sensor. However, conventional enzymatic glucose sensors have showed some drawbacks and the underlying issues faced by enzymatic glucose sensors are outlined in this paper. With the tremendous advancement of science and technology, the field of diabetes monitoring has evolved from enzymatic to nonenzymatic glucose sensor that heavily emphasized on the usage of nanomaterial. This transformation is supported by various justifications such as a better stability of nonenzymatic sensors towards the surrounding, higher sensitivity and ease of fabrication. Numerous materials including graphene, noble metals, (transition) metal oxides and composites have been explored for its potential in the development and performance improvement of nonenzymatic glucose sensors. This paper reviewed nonenzymatic glucose sensors, their mechanism of glucose oxidation and various promising graphene-based nanocomposite systems as well as the challenges and future perspectives of glucose biosensors. In this review, the basic operation principle of enzymatic glucose sensor and the issues it faced are reported. Besides, the general oxidation mechanism of non-enzymatic glucose sensor has also been reviewed. A variety of different graphene-based nanocomposites that have been developed in recent years as enzymeless glucose sensor, as well as its oxidation mechanisms are also dissected in detailed. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives are discussed, to provide a more comprehensive view for glucose sensor.