▎ 摘 要
The electronic structure, bonding and magnetism in graphene containing vacancies are studied using density-functional methods applied to finite- as well as periodic simulation cells. The single-vacancy graphene ground state is spin polarized and structurally flat. The unpolarized state is non-planar only for finite segments. Systems containing periodic arrays of vacancies display magnetic transitions and metal-insulator transitions. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.