▎ 摘　　要

CNTs and graphene have revolutionized the microstructural design of metals, polymers and ceramics, especially in structural and anti-friction applications. This article comprehensively reviews the progress in mechanotribological performance of graphene/CNT-reinforced alumina nanocomposites against the backdrop of synergistic interplay between traditional mechanisms (toughening by crack bridging, pull-out etc.; lubrication by thin film formation) and novel phenomena unique to this class of composites (toughening by complex interlocking and slip-stick pull-out; lubrication by morphology transformation and sliding-rolling action). We have identified unprecedented correlations between nanocarbon content and enhancement in mechanical properties, and deduced the definitive ranges of inclusion for which 1D CNTs and 2D graphene trigger application-specific optimal mechanical response in alumina. The assumption of high dependence of wear behaviour on mechanical properties is quantitatively assessed to reveal that strengthening and toughening must proceed in specific proportions to minimize wear. Lastly, existing challenges, their potential solutions and exciting future research directions are discussed.