▎ 摘　　要

The real-time monitoring of neurochemical releasein vivoplays a critical role in understanding the biochemical process of thecomplex nervous system. Current technologies for such applications,including microdialysis and fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, suffer fromlimited spatiotemporal resolution or poor selectivity. Here, we report a softimplantable aptamer-graphene microtransistor probe for real-timemonitoring of neurochemical release. As a demonstration, we show themonitoring of dopamine with nearly cellular-scale spatial resolution, highselectivity (dopamine sensor >19-fold over norepinephrine), andpicomolar sensitivity, simultaneously. Systematic benchtop evaluations,ex vivoexperiments, andin vivostudies in mice models highlight the key features and demonstrate the capability of capturing thedopamine release dynamics evoked by pharmacological stimulation, suggesting the potential applications in basic neurosciencestudies and studying neurological disease-related processes. The developed system can be easily adapted for monitoring otherneurochemicals and drugs by simply replacing the aptamers functionalized on the graphene microtransistors