▎ 摘　　要

Herein, flexible and robust heaters are proposed based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) fabricated photothermally on polyimide (PI) substrates. The heaters are precisely defined by a computer numerical control (CNC) platform-driven laser diode with a one-step process. The electrothermal performance of the heaters can be adjusted by tuning the laser driving speed in a certain range under a given input power. The fabricated heater shows a high saturation temperature (270 degrees C), the fast response time (10 s), and satisfactory convective heat-transfer coefficient (42 W m(-2 )degrees C-1). Simultaneously, the developed heaters demonstrate excellent flexibility, robust adhesion, and good long-time stability. The experimental results pave the way for high-performance, environmentally friendly, robust, and flexible heaters.